Hoton al’adu · Sahara da Tibesti
Zaghawa / Bideyat / Kobe
Makiyaya na kan iyaka na Ennedi da Darfur, harshen zaghawa, rawar siyasa ta yau.
Hoto : Zaghawa Bour, homme zaghawa et chameaux, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
Yanayi
Bayanan al’umma
- Dangin harshe
- Nilo-Saharan (Saharan: zaghawa / beria)
- Yanki / lardi
- Ennedi, Wadi Fira, Ouaddaï; zuwa Darfur
- Hanyoyin rayuwa
- kiwo
- Al’adu da adabin baka
- Waƙoƙin mayaƙa, duwatsu da raye-raye.
- Halin yanzu
A shekarar 2019, gabashin ƙasar (Ouaddaï, Sila) ya ga rikicin al’umma mai kisa, galibi tsakanin makiyaya Larabawa da al’ummomin da suka zauna; an ayyana dokar ta-ɓaci a watan Agusta 2019. Tun Afrilu 2023, waɗannan larduna, tare da Wadi Fira da Ennedi ta Gabas, suna karɓar ’yan gudun hijira daga yaƙin Sudan. (International Crisis Group, Rapport Afrique n°284, « Avoiding the Resurgence of Intercommunal Violence in Eastern Chad », ; UNHCR, « Chad: Forcibly Displaced Persons » (octobre 2025), )
A Tibesti, akwai Zaghawa cikin masu haƙar zinariya da suka zo tare da gaggawar zinariya. (International Crisis Group, Rapport Afrique n°274, « Tchad : sortir de la confrontation à Miski », )
- Majiyoyi
- Wikipédia, « Zaghawa (peuple) » · EDS-MICS 2014-2015 · Majiyoyi
- Bita ta ƙarshe
- Kaso (EDS-MICS 2014-2015)
- 1.1%
- Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi
- Zaghawa, Bideyat, Kobe
- Al’ada
- Mutanen Sahara na gabas, Musulmi, raƙuma da zebu, rubutun Beria na kwanan nan. Ƙidaya: Zaghawa/Bideyat/Kobe (1.1%). Ƙulla dangantaka mai ƙarfi da Sudan.
- Abinci / abincin asali
- Madara, gasasshen nama, gero, dabino.
- Abin tuna
- Harshen Zaghawa (Beria). Ennedi: ginshiƙai, zane-zanen dutse, hanyoyi zuwa Darfur.
Tushen bayanaiHotuna da fasali suna jawo kan kafofin jama'a. Hannun jama'a suna biye da binciken gida na EDS-MICS na 2014-2015, ba ƙididdigar ƙarshe ba (RGPH 2009). Babban hotuna sune har yanzu takardun (Festival Dary, Wiki Loves Folklore, Wiki Love Africa, Wikimedia archives) a karkashin Creative Commons, wanda aka ba da tabbaci ga mai daukar hoto.
Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi
Kowace ƙaramar ƙungiya tana raba muhimman abubuwa tare da manyan mutane, tare da ƙayyadaddun harshe, wuri da al'ada.
- Zaghawa (Wegi)
- Yanki
- Wadi Fira, iyakar Sudan
- Harshe ko karin harshe
- Beria (zaghawa)
Babban reshe, a bangarorin biyu na kan iyaka da Darfur.
- Kobe
- Yanki
- Wadi Fira, yankin Iriba
- Harshe ko karin harshe
- Beria (karin harshen Kobe)
- Birane da ƙauyuka
- Iriba
Ƙungiyar Zaghawa ta Chadian, tare da shugabancinsa a kusa da Iriba.
- Bideyat
- Yanki
- Ennedi Est
- Harshe ko karin harshe
- Beria (karin harshen Bideyat)
- Birane da ƙauyuka
- Amdjarass
Makiyayan raƙuma na filayen Ennedi, masu yawo fiye da kudancin Zaghawa.
Gadarwa tsakanin tsararraki
Ana ba da alamun raƙumi, tarihin asali da waƙoƙi a cikin iyali; An ƙirƙiri haruffan Beria don rubuta yaren don ƙaramin ƙarni.
Ɗan gajeren gwaji
Zaɓi amsar: gyaran da asalinsa sun bayyana nan da nan.
Tambaya 1 cikin 3
Majiyoyin wannan sashe
Hoton zurfi
Fassara daga Faransanci da taimakon na’ura; har yanzu mai magana da harshen bai duba ta ba. Rubutun Faransanci shi ne tushe.
Abin da kundin sani ke cewa
[p53] ko Béri mutane ne na Afirka, mafi yawa a arewa maso yammacin Sudan da arewa maso gabashin Chadi a bangarorin biyu na iyaka. Harshen su, zaghawa ko beria, na dangin harshen Saharan ne. Yawan jama'arsu ya wuce 7,600,000. An san su da ƙarfin hali, horo da ɗabi'a, Béri sun haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idar girmamawa bisa ga ƙarfin hali da aminci. Wadannan dabi'u da halaye ana watsa su daga tsara zuwa tsara, ƙarfafa ainihi da haɗin zamantakewa.
Bayanin al’ada
Sashe 1 daga 6 an rubuta
- Tarihi da tushen asali A rubuta
- Harshe da yaruka Gaskiya da aka rubuta
- Tsarin zamantakewa A rubuta
- Imani da ayyukan addini A rubuta
- Zagayowar rayuwa (haihuwa, shiga, aure, jana’iza) A rubuta
- Mazauna, sana’a da ado A rubuta
Gaskiyar da aka rubuta: an dogara da wata majiya ta rubutu da aka wallafa, wadda aka ambata a ƙarƙashin sashen. Labarin baka da aka ruwaito: shaidar da aka karɓa daga wani mutum na al’ummar, an wallafa ta da izininsa, ba a tabbatar da ita a rubuce ba. Sassan da babu komai suna nan haka maimakon a cika su.
Tarihi da tushen asali
A rubuta: sashe yana jiran tushe da aka tabbatar da shaidar al’umma.
Harshe da yaruka
Gaskiya da aka rubuta
An gabatar da haruffa na musamman, wanda ake kira Beria Giray Erfe, don rubuta harshen zaghawa, wanda ake magana a Darfur da Chadi.
Tsarin zamantakewa
A rubuta: sashe yana jiran tushe da aka tabbatar da shaidar al’umma.
Imani da ayyukan addini
A rubuta: sashe yana jiran tushe da aka tabbatar da shaidar al’umma.
Zagayowar rayuwa (haihuwa, shiga, aure, jana’iza)
A rubuta: sashe yana jiran tushe da aka tabbatar da shaidar al’umma.
Mazauna, sana’a da ado
A rubuta: sashe yana jiran tushe da aka tabbatar da shaidar al’umma.
Tushen kason jama’a: EDS-MICS 2014-2015 (INSEED / ICF).
Wuri
Sahara da Tibesti
Lardunan da aka ambata a bayananmu: Ennedi-Est · Ennedi-Ouest · Wadi Fira
Asalin al’adu yana wuce iyakokin larduna. Duba a taswira
Kafofin watsa labarai
Hoton shafi: Zaghawa Bour, homme zaghawa et chameaux, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
Manazarta
Maɓalli: An tattara bayani: bisa tushen da aka wallafa da aka ambata a ƙasa.
Gano kuma
Sabuntawa ta ƙarshe :